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Kaurna culture and language were almost completely destroyed within a few decades of European settlement of South Australia, but extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both. Runner Friends Date is the ultimate social networks site based around meeting new friends for dating; specifically tailored for runners! Once you have been Speed Dating you will definitely understand why this exciting form of dating is so popular.

Lebanon Based on 2006 Census data Compared with Australia's four other major state capitals, Adelaide is growing at a much slower rate. The Classic Adelaide, a of classic sporting vehicles, is also held in the city and its surrounds. The limbo of the sandhills to urban development had a particularly destructive effect on the coastline due to erosion. Between work and friends it can be hard to find the time to meet someone. Adelaide was established as a planned colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from social persecution, based upon the ideas of. Archived from on 10 April 2011. Folds recorded a song about Adelaide before he moved away. Kent Town, South Australia. If you're stuck for ideas, see below for a list of Adelaide first date options. Dating in Nina In a city as diverse and large as Adelaide dating can be a tricky business. Retrieved 23 April 2017. Adelaide Dating When you meet someone online, you'll inevitably be wanting to head out on that!.

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New Photos - Two other transmission sites are located at Grenfell Street and Elizabeth Downs.

In June 2017, Adelaide had an estimated resident population of 1,333,927. Adelaide is home to more than 75 percent of the South Australian population, making it the most centralised population of any state in. Adelaide is north of the , on the between the and the low-lying which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km 12 mi from the coast to the foothills, and 94 to 104 km 58 to 65 mi from at its northern extent to in the south. Named in honour of , to , the city was founded in 1836 as the for a freely-settled British province in Australia. Light's design set out Adelaide in a , interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by. Early Adelaide was shaped by prosperity and wealth—until the , it was Australia's third-largest city and one of the few Australian cities without a convict history. It has been noted for early examples of religious freedom, a commitment to political and civil liberties. As South Australia's seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the along the cultural boulevard of , and in various districts of the metropolitan area. Today, Adelaide is noted for and sporting events, its food and wine, its long beachfronts, and its large defence and manufacturing sectors. It ranks highly in terms of , being consistently listed in the world's top 10 most liveable cities, out of 140 cities worldwide by. It was also ranked the in Australia by the Property Council of Australia in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Kaurna culture and language were almost completely destroyed within a few decades of European settlement of South Australia, but extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both. South Australia was officially proclaimed a British colony on 28 December 1836, near in what is now the suburb of. The event is commemorated in South Australia as. The site of the colony's capital was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light, the first Surveyor-General of South Australia, through the design made by the architect. Adelaide was established as a planned colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution, based upon the ideas of. Wakefield had read accounts of Australian settlement while in prison in London for attempting to abduct an heiress, and realised that the eastern colonies suffered from a lack of available labour, due to the practice of giving land grants to all arrivals. Wakefield's idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen. Funds raised from the sale of land were to be used to bring out working-class emigrants, who would have to work hard for the monied settlers to ever afford their own land. As a result of this policy, Adelaide does not share of other Australian cities like , , and. North Terrace in 1841 As it was believed that in a colony of free settlers there would be little crime, no provision was made for a in Colonel Light's 1837 plan. But by mid-1837 the was warning of escaped convicts from New South Wales and tenders for a temporary gaol were sought. Following a burglary, a murder, and two attempted murders in Adelaide during March 1838, Governor Hindmarsh created the South Australian Police Force now the in April 1838 under 21-year-old. The first sheriff, Samuel Smart, was wounded during a robbery, and on 2 May 1838 one of the offenders, Michael Magee, became the first person to be hanged in South Australia. William Baker Ashton was appointed governor of the temporary gaol in 1839, and in 1840 George Strickland Kingston was commissioned to design Adelaide's new gaol. Construction of commenced in 1841. Adelaide's early history was marked by economic uncertainty and questionable leadership. The rural area surrounding Adelaide was surveyed by Light in preparation to sell a total of over 405 km 2 156 sq mi of land. Adelaide's early economy started to get on its feet in 1838 with the arrival of livestock from , and. Wool production provided an early basis for the South Australian economy. By 1860, wheat farms had been established from in the south to in the north. Gawler was recalled and replaced by in 1841. Grey slashed public expenditure against heavy opposition, although its impact was negligible at this point: silver was discovered in that year, agriculture was well underway, and other mines sprung up all over the state, aiding Adelaide's commercial development. The city exported meat, wool, wine, fruit and wheat by the time Grey left in 1845, contrasting with a low point in 1842 when one-third of Adelaide houses were abandoned. South Australia became a in 1856 with the ratification of a new constitution by the British parliament. In 1860 the reservoir was opened, finally providing an alternative water source to the now turbid River Torrens. Gas street lighting was implemented in 1867, the was founded in 1874, the opened in 1881 and the opened in 1896. In the 1890s Australia was affected by a severe economic depression, ending a hectic era of land booms and tumultuous expansionism. Financial institutions in Melbourne and banks in Sydney closed. The national fertility rate fell and immigration was reduced to a trickle. The value of South Australia's exports nearly halved. Drought and poor harvests from 1884 compounded the problems, with some families leaving for Western Australia. Only one year of deficit was recorded, but the price paid was retrenchments and lean public spending. Wine and copper were the only industries not to suffer a downturn. Electric street lighting was introduced in 1900 and electric trams were transporting passengers in 1909. Adelaide enjoyed a postwar boom, entering a time of relative prosperity. Its population grew, and it became the third most populous metropolitan area in the country, after Sydney and Melbourne. Its prosperity was short-lived, with the return of droughts and the of the 1930s. It later returned to fortune under strong government leadership. World War II brought industrial stimulus and diversification to Adelaide under the Government, which advocated Adelaide as a safe place for manufacturing due to its less vulnerable location. Shipbuilding was expanded at the nearby port of. The South Australian Government in this period built on former wartime manufacturing industries. International manufacturers like General Motors and made use of these factories around Adelaide, completing its transformation from an agricultural service centre to a 20th-century city. The brought water to Adelaide in 1955 and opened at in 1955. Today, Flinders Medical Centre is one of the largest teaching hospitals in South Australia. Adelaide hosted the between 1985 and 1996 on a street circuit in the city's east parklands; it moved to Melbourne in 1996. The collapsed in 1991 during an economic recession; the effects lasted until 2004, when reinstated South Australia's AAA credit rating. Since 1999, the race has made use of sections of the former Formula One circuit. Adelaide's tallest building, built in 1988, was originally known as the State Bank Building. In 1991 it was renamed the Santos Building and in 2006 it was renamed. The Glenelg tramline was extended through the city to Hindmarsh and the suburban railway line extended south to Seaford. Following a period of stagnation in the 1990s and 2000s, Adelaide began several major developments and redevelopments. Three historic buildings were adapted for modern use: the in Victoria Square as the Adelaide campus for Carnegie Mellon University, University College London and Torrens University; the Stock Exchange building as the Science Exchange of the Royal Institution Australia; and the Glenside Psychiatric Hospital as the Adelaide Studios of the. The , and became annual events. City map of the Adelaide metropolitan area. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges. The city stretches 20 km 12 mi from the coast to the foothills, and 90 km 56 mi from at its northern extent to in the south. The city sits at an average elevation of 50 metres 160 ft above sea level. Satellite image of Adelaide's metropolitan area. The Adelaide Hills is the green area to the right of the image. Much of Adelaide was bushland before British settlement, with some variation — sandhills, swamps and marshlands were prevalent around the coast. The loss of the sandhills to urban development had a particularly destructive effect on the coastline due to erosion. Where practical, the government has implemented programs to rebuild and vegetate sandhills at several of Adelaide's beachside suburbs. Much of the original vegetation has been cleared with what is left to be found in reserves such as the and. A number of creeks and rivers flow through the Adelaide region. The largest are the Torrens and catchments. Adelaide relies on its many reservoirs for water supply with the supplying around 40% and the much larger 10% of Adelaide's domestic requirements respectively. Adelaide and its surrounding area is one of the most seismically active regions in Australia. On 1 March 1954 at 3:40 am Adelaide experienced its largest recorded earthquake to date, with the epicentre 12 km from the city centre at , and a reported magnitude of 5. There have been smaller earthquakes in 2010, 2011, 2014 and 2017. Urban layout Main article: Adelaide is a planned city, designed by the first Surveyor-General of South Australia, Colonel. His plan, now known as Light's Vision, arranged Adelaide in a grid, with in the and a ring of parks, known as the , surrounding it. Light's selection of the location for the city was initially unpopular with the early settlers, as well as South Australia's first governor, John Hindmarsh, due to its distance from the harbour at Port Adelaide, and the lack of fresh water there. Light successfully persisted with his choice of location against this initial opposition. The benefits of Light's design are numerous: Adelaide has had wide multi-lane roads from its beginning, an easily navigable grid layout and an expansive green ring around the city centre. There are two sets of in Adelaide that have resulted from the original design. The corner of right and left , looking south-west from. Suburban expansion has to some extent outgrown Light's original plan. Expanding developments in the Adelaide Hills region led to the construction of the to cope with growth, which has subsequently led to new developments and further improvements to that transport corridor. Similarly, the booming development in Adelaide's led to the construction of the. New roads are not the only transport infrastructure developed to cope with the urban growth. The is an example of a unique solution to transport woes in the 1980s. The development of the nearby suburb of in the late 1980s is an example of well-thought-out urban planning. King William Street, one of the widest main streets in an Australian capital city, viewed from Victoria Square. In the 1960s, a Plan was proposed in order to cater for the future growth of the city. The plan involved the construction of freeways, and the upgrade of certain aspects of the public transport system. The then premier approved many parts of the plan and the government went as far as purchasing land for the project. The later government elected under shelved the plan, but allowed the purchased land to remain vacant, should the future need for freeways arise. In 1980, the won government and premier committed his government to selling off the land acquired for the MATS plan, ensuring that even when needs changed, the construction of most MATS-proposed freeways would be impractical. Some parts of this land have been used for transport, e. The site covers 102,478 square metres, or about 10 hectares, and is bounded by Park Terrace to the south, the Adelaide to Outer Harbour railway line to the west, Drayton Street to the north and Sixth and Seventh Streets to the east. A relative lack of suitable, locally-available timber for construction purposes led to the early development of a brick-making industry, as well as the use of stone, for houses and other buildings. By 1891 68% of houses were built of stone, 15% of timber, and 10% of brick, with brick also being widely used in stone houses for quoins, door and window surrounds, and chimneys and fireplaces. After both of the World Wars, the use of red bricks was popular. In the 1960s, cream bricks became popular, and in the 1970s, deep red and brown bricks became popular. Since then, cement tiles and Colorbond R corrugated and other types of steel have also become popular. Most roofs are pitched; flat roofs are not common. The use of precast concrete panels for floor and wall construction has also increased. In addition to this, a significant factor in Adelaide's suburban history is the role of the. Climate A spring storm over Adelaide. Adelaide receives enough annual precipitation to avoid 's BSh semi-arid climate classification. Rainfall is unreliable, light and infrequent throughout summer. In contrast, the winter has fairly reliable rainfall with June being the wettest month of the year, averaging around 80 mm. Hail is also common in winter. Adelaide is a windy city with significant in winter, which makes the temperature. Snowfall in the metropolitan area is extremely uncommon, although light and sporadic falls in the nearby hills and at occur during winter. Dewpoints in the summer typically range from 8 to 10 °C 46 to 50 °F. There are usually two to three days in summer where the temperature reaches 39. The average sea temperature ranges from 13. Climate data for Adelaide Kent Town, 1977—2013 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C °F 45. Climate data for Adelaide Airport 1981-2014 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C °F 44. As Adelaide is South Australia's capital and most populous city, the State Government co-operates extensively with the. In 2006, the Ministry for the City of Adelaide was created to facilitate the State Government's collaboration with the and the Lord Mayor to improve Adelaide's image. The State Parliamant's Capital City Committee is also involved in the governance of the City of Adelaide, being primarily concerned with the planning of Adelaide's urban development and growth. Lebanon Based on 2006 Census data Compared with Australia's four other major state capitals, Adelaide is growing at a much slower rate. In 2017, it had a metropolitan population of more than 1,333,927, making it Australia's fifth-largest city. Some 77% of the population of South Australia are residents of the Adelaide metropolitan area, making South Australia one of the most centralised states. Major areas of population growth in recent years have been in outer suburbs such as and Golden Grove. Adelaide's inhabitants occupy 366,912 houses, 57,695 semi-detached, row terrace or town houses and 49,413 flats, units or apartments. About one sixth 17. The number of Adelaideans with vocational qualifications such as tradespersons fell from 62. Significant overseas born populations Country of birth Population 2011 92,174 21,068 18,434 17,118 13,167 Overseas-born Adelaideans composed 29. Suburbs including , and in the east and , and to the west, have large and communities. The Italian consulate is located in the eastern suburb of. Large populations are settled in the north-western suburbs of , , , and and also and in Adelaide's north. Migrants from and have settled into inner suburban areas of Adelaide including the inner northern suburbs of , and and the inner southern suburbs of , and. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from UK 7. The most-spoken languages other than were Italian 2. More than a quarter 27. Adelaide has the lowest number of children under-15-year-olds , who comprised 17. Religion in Victoria Square Adelaide was founded on a vision of religious tolerance that attracted a wide variety of religious practitioners. This led to it being known as The City of Churches. But approximately 28% of the population expressed no religious affiliation in the 2011 Census, compared with the national average of 22. Over half of the population of Adelaide identifies as Christian, with the largest denominations being 21. The community of the city dates back to 1840. Eight years later, 58 Jews lived in the city. A was built in 1871, when 435 Jews lived in the city. Many took part in the city councils, such as Judah Moss Solomon 1852—66 and others after him. Three Jews have been elected to the position of city mayor. In the 1960s, the Jewish population of Adelaide numbered about 1,200; in 2001, according to the Australian census, 979 persons declared themselves to be Jewish by religion. In 2011, over 1,000 Jews were living in the city, operating an and a school, in addition to a virtual Jewish museum. Until eventually superseded by the advent of the railways and motor vehicles, camels played an invaluable economic and social role in transporting heavy loads of goods to and from isolated settlements and mines. This is acknowledged by the name of , the passenger train operating between Adelaide, Alice Springs, and Darwin. The is regarded as Australia's oldest permanent mosque; an earlier in northern South Australia, dating from 1861—62 and subsequently abandoned or demolished, has now been rebuilt. Health care and social assistance is the largest defined employment sector in South Australia. South Australia's largest employment sectors are health care and social assistance, surpassing manufacturing in SA as the largest employer since 2006—07. In 2009—10, manufacturing in SA had average annual employment of 83,700 persons compared with 103,300 for health care and social assistance. Health care and social assistance represented nearly 13% of the state average annual employment. The is an iconic and viable economic region for both the state and country in terms of wine production and sale. The retail trade is the second largest employer in SA 2009—10 , with 91,900 jobs, and 12 per cent of the state workforce. Manufacturing, defence technology, high-tech electronic systems and research, commodity export and corresponding service industries all play a role in the SA economy. Almost half of all cars produced in Australia were made in Adelaide at the plant in. The site ceased operating in November 2017. The collapse meant that successive governments enacted lean budgets, cutting spending, which was a setback to the further economic development of the city and state. The debt has more recently been reduced with the State Government once again receiving a AAA+ Credit Rating. The global media conglomerate was founded in, and until 2004 incorporated in, Adelaide and it is still considered its 'spiritual' home by. Australia's largest oil company, , prominent South Australian brewery, , and national retailer also call Adelaide their home. Defence industry The Adelaide-built entering , August 2004. Others, such as Saab Systems and Raytheon, are in or near. Employment statistics As of November 2015, Greater Adelaide had an unemployment rate of 7. Adelaide's housing and living costs are substantially lower than that of other Australian cities, with housing being notably cheaper. The median Adelaide house price is half that of Sydney and two-thirds that of Melbourne. The three-month trend unemployment rate to March 2007 was 6. The Northern suburbs' unemployment rate is disproportionately higher than the other regions of Adelaide at 8. House prices Over the decade March 2001 — March 2010, Metropolitan Adelaide median house prices approximately tripled. March 2012 — March 2017 saw a further increase of 19% — approx. Since March 2012, the REISA no longer release a median house price for the Adelaide Metropolitan area, so figures retrieved are from Dept of the Premier and Cabinet. Each quarter, ADISA publishes a list of median house sale prices by suburb and. Quarterly Reports for the last two years can be found on the REISA website. In addition to the city's existing institutions, foreign institutions have been attracted to set up campuses in order to increase its attractiveness as an education hub. Adelaide is the birthplace of three Nobel laureates, : physicist and pathologists and , all of whom completed secondary and tertiary education at and the. Primary and secondary education At the level of primary and secondary education, there are two systems of school education. There is a public system operated by the South Australian Government and a private system of independent and. All schools provide education under the SACE or, to a lesser extent, the IB , with Adelaide having the highest number of IB schools in Australia. The University of Adelaide was ranked in the top 150 universities worldwide. Flinders ranked in the top 250 and Uni SA in the top 300. Torrens University Australia is part of an international network of over 70 higher education institutions in more than 30 countries worldwide. The historic Torrens Building in houses 's , 's , and 's School of Energy and Resources Australia , and constitute the city's international university precinct. It has five campuses throughout the state, including two in the city-centre, and a campus in Singapore. The , with 37,000 students, has two North Terrace campuses, three other campuses in the metropolitan area and campuses at and. The , with 25,184 domestic and international students, is in the southern suburb of , alongside the , and maintains a small city campus in Victoria Square. The plaza on the Bedford Park campus was revamped in 2014 and officially re-opened in 2016. There are several South Australian Technical and Further Education campuses in the metropolitan area that provide a range of vocational education and training. The Adelaide College of the Arts, as a school of TAFE SA, provides nationally-recognised training in visual and performing arts. Research In addition to the universities, Adelaide is home to a number of research institutes, including the , established in 2009 as a counterpart to the two-hundred-year-old of Great Britain. SARDI also has establishments at and. The first German Lutherans arrived in 1838 bringing with them the that they used to found the acclaimed wineries of the. Arts and entertainment Adelaide's arts scene flourished in the 1960s and 1970s with the support of successive premiers from both major political parties. The renowned and were established in 1960 under Thomas Playford. Construction of the began under Steele Hall in 1970 and was completed under the subsequent government of Don Dunstan, who also established the and, in 1976, the. Over time, the Adelaide Festival has expanded to include the , , , , and , all held predominately in the autumnal month of March sometimes jocularly called 'mad March' by locals due to the hectic clustering of these events. Other festivals include a celebration , a biennial food and wine affair , and the an annual and. The , the first of its kind in South Australia, is situated on the River Torrens. Photo taken in 2007. There are many international cultural fairs, most notably the German and Greek. Adelaide is home to the , the world's largest. The , with around 35,000 works, holds Australia's second largest state-based collection. Adjacent are the and , while the , and are nearby in the of the city. In the back of the State Library lies the , Australia's oldest museum of its kind. Contemporary art scenes include the. The Adelaide Town Hall The has produced musical groups and individuals who have achieved national and international fame. Noted rocker spent most of his youth in the northern suburb of. Paul Kelly grew up in Adelaide and was head prefect at Rostrevor College. The first winner, , hails from the north-eastern suburb of. American musician used to base himself in Adelaide when he was married to Australian Frally Hynes. Folds recorded a song about Adelaide before he moved away. In addition to its own WOMADelaide, Adelaide attracts several touring music festivals, including , , , , , , and Adelaide plays host to two of Australia's leading contemporary dance companies. The and contribute to state festivals and perform nationally and internationally. In 2014, founded the. Concert venues , named after the founder of , is the headquarters for the publisher of Adelaide's daily newspaper, The Advertiser. Newspapers Newspapers in Adelaide are dominated by publications—Adelaide being the birthplace of News Corporation itself. The only South Australian daily newspaper is , published by News Corporation six days a week. The same group publishes a Sunday paper, the. There are eleven suburban community newspapers published weekly, known collectively as the , also published by a subsidiary of News Corporation. They share three transmission towers on the ridge near the summit of Mount Lofty. Two other transmission sites are located at Grenfell Street and Elizabeth Downs. The two government-funded stations are run by the and the SBS. The and both own their Adelaide stations and respectively. Adelaide's is part of the. Adelaide also has a station,. The service is available as cable television in a few areas, and as satellite television to the entire metropolitan area. It is resold by a number of other brands, mostly telephone companies. As part of a nationwide phase-out of in Australia, Adelaide's analogue television service was shut down on 2 April 2013. Radio There are 20 radio stations that serve the metropolitan area, as well as four community stations that serve only parts of the metropolitan area. Of the 20 full-coverage stations, there are six commercial stations, six community stations, six national stations and two narrowcast stations. The recent commencement of digital audio broadcasting DAB has seen the introduction of an additional 23 radio stations, some of which are duplications of existing AM and FM stations. A complete list can be found at. The main sports played professionally in Adelaide are , soccer , , , and. Adelaide is the home of two teams: the and , and one soccer team,. A local league, the , is made up of 10 teams from around Adelaide. The SANFL has been in operation since 1877 when it began as the South Australian Football Association SAFL before changing its name to the SANFL in 1927. The SANFL is the oldest surviving football league of any code played in Australia. Until the completion of the 2012—14 renovation and upgrade of the , most large sporting events took place at either the then home base of the , and the then home game venue , or the historic , home of the and the cricket teams. Since completion of the upgrade, home games for Adelaide Crows and Port Adelaide now take place at Adelaide Oval. Since 1884, has also hosted an international cricket test every summer, along with a number of cricket matches. Adelaide's professional association football team, , play in the A-League. Founded in 2003, their home ground is , which has a capacity of 17,000 and is one of the few in Australia. Prior to United's foundation, and represented the city in the. The two sides, which contest the against one another, now play in the. For two years, 1997 and 1998, Adelaide was represented in Australia's top level , after the had played a single game per season at the Adelaide Oval for five years starting in 1991. The were formed and played in the breakaway SL competition in before moving to the new in. Initially playing at the Adelaide Oval, the club moved to the more suitable Hindmarsh Stadium late in the 1998 season. As part of a peace deal with the to end the , the club's owners who were also owners of the SL suddenly closed the club only weeks before the start of the. Adelaide has two professional basketball teams, the men's team being the which plays in the NBL and the women's team, the which plays in the WNBL. Both teams play their home games at the. Adelaide has a professional team, the , which plays in the national netball competition, the championship, with home games played at. The Thunderbirds occasionally play games or finals at the Titanium Security Arena, while international netball matches are usually played at the 10,500 seat Adelaide Entertainment Centre. The Titanium Security Arena has a capacity of 8,000 and is the largest purpose-built basketball stadium in Australia. The is the first event of the calendar. Since 1999 Adelaide and its surrounding areas have hosted the , organised and directed by Adelaide-based. Turtur won an for Australia in the at the. The Tour Down Under is the largest cycling event outside Europe and was the first event outside Europe to be granted status. Adelaide maintains a franchise in the , the. They have been playing since 2009, and their home stadium until 2016 was. From 2016 the team moved to the located near the due to renovations at Norwood. Its name stems from the local , and from the abundance of local. Adelaide also has an Ice Hockey team, in the AIHL. It was national champions in 2009 and plays its games at the. The for World Championship racing was hosted by Adelaide from 1985 to 1995 on the which was laid out in the city's East End as well as the eastern parklands including the. The Grand Prix became a source of pride, and losing the event to Melbourne in a surprise announcement in mid-1993 left a void that has since been filled with the highly successful for racing, held on a modified version of the same street circuit. The Classic Adelaide, a of classic sporting vehicles, is also held in the city and its surrounds. Adelaide formerly had three horse racing venues. Victoria Park, , both of which have now closed, and that remains the home of the. It also has for that opened in 1969, and by 1973 had become Adelaide's premier harness racing venue taking over from the , as well as for that opened in 1972. The race attracts teams from around the world, most of which are fielded by universities or corporations, although some are fielded by high schools. The race has a 20-years' history spanning nine races, with the inaugural event taking place in 1987. Adelaide hosted the 2012 World Bowls Championships at Lockleys Bowling Club, becoming the third city in the world to have held the championships twice, having previously hosted the event in 1996. Adelaide is home to the , the world's largest tournament. The tournament has been held biennially over Australia's Queen's Birthday holiday weekend since 2010. In 2014 and 2016 the tournament featured 45 teams playing in two divisions. In 2018 the tournament has expanded to 48 teams competing in three divisions. Other major public hospitals in the Adelaide area are the 305 beds , on King William Road in North Adelaide; the 340 beds in Woodville and the 198 beds in Elizabeth. These hospitals are all teaching hospitals. Additional RAH campuses which specialise in specific patient services are in the suburbs of Adelaide — the Hampstead Rehabilitation Centre in , and the Campus Mental Health Service. Adelaide also hosts numerous private hospitals in the city centre and suburbs. In June 2007 the State Government announced a series of overhauls to the health sector that would see a new hospital constructed on railyards at the west end of the city, to replace the Royal Adelaide Hospital at the east end of the city. However, in 2009, at the former governor's request, the state government chose to drop this name and instead transfer the Royal Adelaide Hospital name to the proposed facility. Construction started in June 2011 and is expected to be completed in 2016. In addition, major upgrades were announced to see the Flinders Medical Centre become the primary centre for health care for the southern suburbs, and the in Elizabeth become the centre for the northern suburbs. The trio of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, the and the Noarlunga Hospital were to become specialist elective surgery centres. The Repatriation General Hospital was also to expand its range of speciality areas beyond veterans' health to incorporate stroke, orthopaedic rehabilitation and aged care. The largest not-for-profit provider of community health care within Adelaide is the which provides out of hospital care and hospital avoidance care, which in turn eases pressure on the South Australia public hospital system. Transport A map of Adelaide's railway and tram network, served by the. Being centrally located on the Australian mainland, Adelaide forms a strategic transport hub for east-west and north-south routes. The city itself has a metropolitan-wide public transport system, which is managed by and known as the. The Adelaide Metro consists of a contracted bus system including the , with diesel and electric lines , and the Adelaide-, which was extended as a metropolitan tram in 2010 through the city centre to the inner north-west suburb of. There are further plans to extend the tram to and. A tram loop too, is being considered and the latest master plan has also revealed a tram extension to the airport in the near future. Road transport in Adelaide has historically been comparatively easier than many of the other Australian cities, with a well-defined city layout and wide multiple-lane roads from the beginning of its development. However, these roads are now often considered inadequate to cope with Adelaide's growing road traffic, and often experience traffic congestion. The Adelaide metropolitan area has one freeway and three expressways. It duplicates the route of. Currently, the motorway runs as an elevated freeway from its junction with the Port River Expressway to Regency Road, in Adelaide's inner north-west. Airports A plane leaving. The Adelaide metropolitan area has two commercial airports, and. Adelaide Airport, in Adelaide's western suburbs, serves in excess of 8 million passengers annually. Parafield Airport, Adelaide's second airport 18 kilometres 11 miles north of the city centre, is used for small aircraft, pilot training and recreational aviation purposes. Parafield Airport served as Adelaide's main aerodrome until the opening of the Adelaide Airport in February 1955. Utilities Aerial view of in early 2007 Adelaide's energy requirements were originally met by the , which was nationalised by the government in 1946, becoming the ETSA , now known as SA Power Networks. The electricity retail market was opened to competition in 2003 and although competition was expected to result in lower retail costs, prices increased by 23. In 2012, the industry came under scrutiny for allegedly reducing supply by shutting down generators during periods of peak demand to force prices up. Increased media attention also revealed that in 2009 the state government had approved a 46% increase in retail prices to cover expected increases in the costs of generation while generation costs had in fact fallen 35% by 2012. SA Power Networks now distributes electricity from transmission companies to end users. Privatisation led to competition from a variety of companies who now separately provide for the generation, transmission, distribution and retail sales of gas and electricity. Some of the major companies are: , which generates electricity; , which transmits electricity from the generators to the distribution network, and , which retails gas and electricity. Substantial investment has been made in maintenance and reinforcement of the electricity supply network to provide continued reliability of supply. Adelaide derives most of its electricity from the gas-fired plant operated by and the , along with wind power and connections to the national grid. Gas is supplied from the Gas Processing Plant in the via the and the from Victoria. South Australia generates 18% of its electricity from , and has 51% of the installed capacity of wind generators in Australia. Adelaide's water supply is gained from its reservoirs: , , , , , and. The yield from these reservoir catchments can be as little as 10% of the city's requirements in drought years and about 60% in average years. The remaining demand is met by the pumping of water from the. A capable of supplying half of Adelaide's water requirements 100GL per annum was commissioned in 2013. The provision of water services is by the government-owned. Retrieved 24 April 2018. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 28 February 2015. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. A History of European Housing in Australia. Retrieved 26 January 2017. 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